{"id":25543,"date":"2022-01-17T12:53:15","date_gmt":"2022-01-17T12:53:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/medicinal-products\/diuretici\/"},"modified":"2026-05-29T15:56:31","modified_gmt":"2026-05-29T14:56:31","slug":"diuretics","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/en\/medicinal-products\/diuretics\/","title":{"rendered":"Diuretics"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"25543\" class=\"elementor elementor-25543 elementor-962\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aaf0db1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"aaf0db1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8aa491d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8aa491d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Diuretics<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53bb682 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"53bb682\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3b9ec9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3b9ec9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c078b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2c078b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Diuretic drugs: what they are and what they are used for<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-649b50c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"649b50c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3932c9e elementor-widget elementor-widget-template\" data-id=\"3932c9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"template.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-template\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"container\" data-elementor-id=\"29242\" class=\"elementor elementor-29242 elementor-28050 elementor-28050\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39bfc6d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"39bfc6d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;sticky&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;sticky_offset&quot;:90,&quot;sticky_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;mobile&quot;],&quot;sticky_effects_offset&quot;:0,&quot;sticky_anchor_link_offset&quot;:0}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c303ce pa-whole-link-yes premium-icon-box-whole-text-yes animated-fast premium-icon-box-flex-top premium-icon-box-cta-bottom pa-link-icon-after elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-icon-box\" data-id=\"5c303ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-icon-box-container-in\" >\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-icon-box-icon-container\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-icon-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-icon-box-content-wrap\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-icon-box-text-wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-icon-box-title\">PRODUCTS\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-icon-box-more\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"premium-icon-box-more-icon fas fa-chevron-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#products\" class=\"premium-icon-box-whole-link\"><span>PRODUCTS<\/span><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-370457c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"370457c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a9d9f80 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a9d9f80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Diuretics are <strong>drugs that increase the volume of urine flow<\/strong>, thus<strong> leading to increased production and elimination of urine (diuresis).<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13a0759 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"13a0759\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bcf4cd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1bcf4cd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc2f466 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc2f466\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><h2><strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Notes on renal physiology<\/span><\/strong><\/h2><\/div><div><p><span lang=\"EN-GB\">In kidneys, urine is formed at glomerular and tubular level.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div><p><strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron, which consists of a filtration apparatus, the glomerulus, connected to a tubular portion <\/span><\/strong><strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">responsible<\/span> <\/strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">for the reabsorption and modification of the glomerular ultrafiltrate.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div><p><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Glomerular filtration is influenced by changes in glomerular blood flow, glomerular blood pressure, oncotic pressure and capsular pressure.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div><p><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Tubular reabsorption is the selective reabsorption of glomerular filtrate through tubular cells and the subsequent return of water and various solutes into the circulatory stream.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56e6933 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"56e6933\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-141056c elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"141056c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"2081\" src=\"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/canine-heart-murmur-scaled.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-28995\" alt=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/canine-heart-murmur-scaled.png 2560w, https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/canine-heart-murmur-300x244.png 300w, https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/canine-heart-murmur-1024x832.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/canine-heart-murmur-768x624.png 768w, https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/canine-heart-murmur-1536x1249.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/canine-heart-murmur-2048x1665.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67eda95 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"67eda95\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03f6f04 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"03f6f04\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><h2><strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Main therapeutic indications of diuretics<\/span><\/strong><\/h2><\/div><div><p><span lang=\"EN-GB\">In general,<strong> diuretics are mainly used in all cases where diuresis needs to be increased due to excessive accumulation of water and electrolytes in the body<\/strong>, such as in the case of oedemas and effusions commonly observed with cardiac, liver and kidney diseases.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div><p><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Oedemas in important organs such as the lung and the brain are particularly severe and require emergency treatment with fast-acting drugs.Particularly severe are oedemas affecting vital organs such as the lungs and brain, which require emergency treatment with fast-acting drugs.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-054c6ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"054c6ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong>Types of diuretic drugs<\/strong><\/h2><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Diuretic drugs can be classified according to:<\/p><ul style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><li>site of action (e.g. loop diuretics)<\/li><li>efficacy (e.g. fast-acting diuretics)<\/li><li>chemical structure (e.g. thiazide diuretics)<\/li><li>similarities with other drugs (e.g. thiazide-like diuretics)<\/li><li>effects on potassium excretion (e.g. kaliuretics and antikaliuretics).<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-432edd2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"432edd2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretics<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-865fc09 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"865fc09\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The prototype of these drugs is <strong>Acetazolamide<\/strong>.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These diuretics inhibit the enzyme carbonic anhydrase in the kidney: this prevents the tubular reabsorption of bicarbonates, causing them to be eliminated in the urine along with sodium, water and potassium. This <strong>promotes diuresis and the alkalinisation of the urine<\/strong>.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>The therapeutic use of this group of drugs is now limited<\/strong>, despite their fundamental role in the development of some basic concepts of renal physiology and pharmacology.<\/p><p><strong>Acetazolamide is now only rarely used as a diuretic<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, as it has been replaced by more effective active ingredients with fewer side effects. It is currently mainly used to <strong>reduce intraocular pressure in the treatment of glaucoma<\/strong> and occasionally in the<strong> treatment of metabolic alkalosis and to alkalise urine<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d25488d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d25488d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Thiazides and benzothiazides<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-000823e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"000823e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba8c2a3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ba8c2a3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5fe4bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b5fe4bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/insufficienza-cardiaca-cane.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-10430\" alt=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/insufficienza-cardiaca-cane.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/insufficienza-cardiaca-cane-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/insufficienza-cardiaca-cane-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8de355f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8de355f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7c9c83 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b7c9c83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">From a chemical perspective these are sulphonamides, and in particular analogues of 1,2,4-benzothiazidine-1,1-dioxide. Subsequently, molecules that were pharmacologically similar to thiazide diuretics, but were not thiazides, were discovered and termed thiazide-like diuretics.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chlorothiazide, Hydrochlorothiazide and Chlorthalidone belong to this group.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These drugs act mainly on the renal distal convoluted tubule by inhibiting the tubular reabsorption of<strong> sodium chloride<\/strong> (NaCl) and, for osmotic reasons, of water. This results in a natriuretic and chloruretic diuretic effect. They also lead to <strong>the depletion of potassium and, to a lesser extent, bicarbonates<\/strong>, as some also cause a weak inhibition of carbonic anhydrase.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c040db8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c040db8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e48df64 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e48df64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In addition to its diuretic effect, <strong>Hydrochlorothiazide<\/strong>, in particular, <strong>is also used in protocols for the prevention of calcium oxalate urolithiasis<\/strong>as it reduces the excretion of calcium in the urine by increasing its reabsorption in the distal tubule.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Although they can be used to solve many oedematous conditions, their use must be carefully considered, as the most common side effects include a significant loss of potassium and a certain diabetogenic effect (reduction of sugar tolerance), which is especially noticeable in subclinical cases of diabetes mellitus.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0928bff elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0928bff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Loop or fast-acting diuretics<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4004778 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4004778\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is a chemically heterogeneous group of drugs that <strong>act mainly at the level of the ascending tract of the loop of Henle<\/strong> and are therefore referred to as &#8216;loop diuretics&#8217;. This group includes \u00a0Furosemide, Torasemide, Bumetanide, Azosemide, Pyrethanide, Tripamide and Ethacrynic Acid. The most widely used ones are <strong>Furosemide<\/strong> and <strong>Torasemide<\/strong>.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These diuretics inhibit the activity of the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter in the ascending tract of <strong>the loop of Henle<\/strong>, thus causing the<strong> excretion of sodium, chlorine and potassium<\/strong>. The saluretic action of <strong>Furosemide<\/strong>, in particular, is 8-10 times that of thiazides. Loop diuretics also lead to an <strong>increase in calcium excretion<\/strong>.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Furosemide<\/strong> is also a mild inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase, thus causing a modest increase in bicarbonate excretion.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Loop diuretics are characterised by a high degree of diuretic efficiency and rapid action. <\/strong>They often prove effective where other active ingredients fail and are therefore considered <strong>&#8216;lifesaving&#8217; drugs.<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For example, their use is indicated in particularly severe situations such as <strong>acute pulmonary oedema<\/strong> where <strong>prompt diuretic action<\/strong> is needed to restore proper pulmonary oxygenation.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They are also indicated in the presence of oedemas of cardiac, hepatic or renal origin, breast oedema, cerebral oedema, laminitis, anasarca.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b08bce3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b08bce3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc57cbd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fc57cbd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57cb6d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"57cb6d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They are also useful in the treatment of hypercalcaemia.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Furosemide has been, and still is, the diuretic of first choice for the acute and chronic management of heart failure in both humans and animals<\/strong> since its approval in 1966.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Torasemide<\/strong> is a more recently introduced loop diuretic. It is currently used in most cases in patients who have become refractory to Furosemide as a result of prolonged therapy. Torasemide is a less subject to the development of resistance, but further studies are needed to evaluate its lifelong use in dogs and cats.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unlike Torasemide, <strong>Furosemide also has a bronchodilator effect<\/strong>, so it may reduce the symptom of coughing.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b8f6738 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b8f6738\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-425681b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"425681b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/farmaci-per-il-cuore-cane.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-10428\" alt=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/farmaci-per-il-cuore-cane.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/farmaci-per-il-cuore-cane-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/farmaci-per-il-cuore-cane-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3adee6a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3adee6a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c8e962 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0c8e962\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Potassium-sparing diuretics<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54ee078 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"54ee078\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This group of drugs includes Spironolactone, Canrenone and Potassium Canrenoate.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>They act as competitive antagonists of aldosterone<\/strong>, a hormone that physiologically regulates sodium and water reabsorption. In the kidneys, these drugs<strong> inhibit aldosterone-induced sodium retention, leading to a rapid increase in sodium and consequently water excretion<\/strong>. They also cause <strong>potassium retention<\/strong>.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Potassium-sparing diuretics<\/strong>, particularly <strong>Spironolactone<\/strong>, are mainly indicated in the <strong>treatment of congestive heart failure, especially in combination with loop diuretics.<\/strong> The renal effect of Spironolactone decreases the volume of extracellular fluid and, consequently, cardiac preload and left atrial pressure, resulting in improved cardiac function.<\/p><p><strong>Spironolactone<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is also indicated as a <strong>diuretic of first choice for the treatment of ascites resulting from hepatopathy.<\/strong> In refractory cases the combination with Furosemide is recommended.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9ae030c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9ae030c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Osmotic diuretics<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-425b7a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"425b7a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The only compound of this group used in veterinary clinical practice is <strong>Mannitol<\/strong>.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Once administered intravenously, it spreads in the extracellular space and <strong>causes water to be drawn from the tissues into the plasma<\/strong>. This triggers an <strong>increase in blood volume, consequently an increase in filtrate and thus a temporary increase in urine production<\/strong>.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mannitol is indicated in the treatment of localised oedemas of non-cardiogenic origin, in the treatment of oliguric renal insufficiency, to reduce intracranial pressure (especially in case of cerebral oedema) and to reduce intraocular pressure (especially in caes of glaucoma).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b35256d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b35256d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In summary: diuretic drugs are of major importance in the resolution of oedemas and effusions and, in particular, in the treatment of congestive heart failure, a pathophysiological condition that represents the clinical manifestation of various cardiomyopathies, both congenital and acquired.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this context, the most widely used are Furosemide and Torasemide, loop diuretics with a quick and effective action which makes them &#8216;lifesaving&#8217; drugs.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1a7427 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"c1a7427\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"products\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-512b757 e-grid e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"512b757\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-premium-element-link=\"{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;url&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.teknofarma.com\\\/en\\\/medicinal-products-access-restricted\\\/&quot;,&quot;is_external&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;nofollow&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;custom_attributes&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.teknofarma.com\\\/en\\\/medicinal-products-access-restricted\\\/&quot;}\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-gbadge=\"{&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Access restricted&quot;,&quot;hideIfEmpty&quot;:false,&quot;icon&quot;:false}\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1dd551e premium-wrapper-link-yes premium-gbadge-yes premium-gbadge-custom premium-gbadge-right premium-gbadge-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-uael-infobox\" data-id=\"1dd551e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"uael-infobox.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<div class=\"uael-module-content uael-infobox uael-imgicon-style-circle  infobox-has-photo uael-infobox-photo-above-title  uael-infobox-link-type-module\">\n\t<div class=\"uael-infobox-left-right-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/en\/medicinal-products-access-restricted\/\" class=\"uael-infobox-module-link\" aria-label=\"Infobox Link\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-infobox-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-module-content uael-imgicon-wrap \">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-image\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-image-content elementor-animation-grow \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Diuren-compresse-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-26459\" alt=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Diuren-compresse-1.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Diuren-compresse-1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Diuren-compresse-1-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='uael-infobox-title-wrap'><h3 class=\"uael-infobox-title elementor-inline-editing\" data-elementor-setting-key=\"infobox_title\" data-elementor-inline-editing-toolbar=\"basic\" > Diuren 20 mg tablets<\/h3><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-infobox-text-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-infobox-text elementor-inline-editing\" data-elementor-setting-key=\"infobox_description\" data-elementor-inline-editing-toolbar=\"advanced\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-premium-element-link=\"{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;url&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.teknofarma.com\\\/en\\\/medicinal-products-access-restricted\\\/&quot;,&quot;is_external&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;nofollow&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;custom_attributes&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.teknofarma.com\\\/en\\\/medicinal-products-access-restricted\\\/&quot;}\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-gbadge=\"{&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Access restricted&quot;,&quot;hideIfEmpty&quot;:false,&quot;icon&quot;:false}\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-927192c premium-wrapper-link-yes premium-gbadge-yes premium-gbadge-custom premium-gbadge-right premium-gbadge-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-uael-infobox\" data-id=\"927192c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"uael-infobox.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<div class=\"uael-module-content uael-infobox uael-imgicon-style-circle  infobox-has-photo uael-infobox-photo-above-title  uael-infobox-link-type-module\">\n\t<div class=\"uael-infobox-left-right-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/en\/medicinal-products-access-restricted\/\" class=\"uael-infobox-module-link\" aria-label=\"Infobox Link\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-infobox-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-module-content uael-imgicon-wrap \">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-image\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-image-content elementor-animation-grow \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Diuren-maxi.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-26648\" alt=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Diuren-maxi.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Diuren-maxi-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Diuren-maxi-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='uael-infobox-title-wrap'><h3 class=\"uael-infobox-title elementor-inline-editing\" data-elementor-setting-key=\"infobox_title\" data-elementor-inline-editing-toolbar=\"basic\" >Diuren Maxi 80 mg tablets<\/h3><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-infobox-text-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-infobox-text elementor-inline-editing\" data-elementor-setting-key=\"infobox_description\" data-elementor-inline-editing-toolbar=\"advanced\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-premium-element-link=\"{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;url&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.teknofarma.com\\\/en\\\/medicinal-products-access-restricted\\\/&quot;,&quot;is_external&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;nofollow&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;custom_attributes&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.teknofarma.com\\\/en\\\/medicinal-products-access-restricted\\\/&quot;}\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-gbadge=\"{&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Access restricted&quot;,&quot;hideIfEmpty&quot;:false,&quot;icon&quot;:false}\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0eab9 premium-wrapper-link-yes premium-gbadge-yes premium-gbadge-custom premium-gbadge-right premium-gbadge-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-uael-infobox\" data-id=\"6d0eab9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"uael-infobox.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<div class=\"uael-module-content uael-infobox uael-imgicon-style-circle  infobox-has-photo uael-infobox-photo-above-title  uael-infobox-link-type-module\">\n\t<div class=\"uael-infobox-left-right-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/en\/medicinal-products-access-restricted\/\" class=\"uael-infobox-module-link\" aria-label=\"Infobox Link\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-infobox-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-module-content uael-imgicon-wrap \">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-image\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-image-content elementor-animation-grow \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Diuren-gocce-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-26470\" alt=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Diuren-gocce-1.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Diuren-gocce-1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Diuren-gocce-1-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='uael-infobox-title-wrap'><h3 class=\"uael-infobox-title elementor-inline-editing\" data-elementor-setting-key=\"infobox_title\" data-elementor-inline-editing-toolbar=\"basic\" >Diuren 8 mg\/ml oral solution, drops<\/h3><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-infobox-text-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-infobox-text elementor-inline-editing\" data-elementor-setting-key=\"infobox_description\" data-elementor-inline-editing-toolbar=\"advanced\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-premium-element-link=\"{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;url&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.teknofarma.com\\\/en\\\/medicinal-products-access-restricted\\\/&quot;,&quot;is_external&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;nofollow&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;custom_attributes&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.teknofarma.com\\\/en\\\/medicinal-products-access-restricted\\\/&quot;}\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-gbadge=\"{&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Access restricted&quot;,&quot;hideIfEmpty&quot;:false,&quot;icon&quot;:false}\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51e8dbb premium-wrapper-link-yes premium-gbadge-yes premium-gbadge-custom premium-gbadge-right premium-gbadge-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-uael-infobox\" data-id=\"51e8dbb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"uael-infobox.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<div class=\"uael-module-content uael-infobox uael-imgicon-style-circle  infobox-has-photo uael-infobox-photo-above-title  uael-infobox-link-type-module\">\n\t<div class=\"uael-infobox-left-right-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/en\/medicinal-products-access-restricted\/\" class=\"uael-infobox-module-link\" aria-label=\"Infobox Link\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-infobox-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-module-content uael-imgicon-wrap \">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-image\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-image-content elementor-animation-grow \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Diuren-fiale.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-27804\" alt=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Diuren-fiale.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Diuren-fiale-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Diuren-fiale-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='uael-infobox-title-wrap'><h3 class=\"uael-infobox-title elementor-inline-editing\" data-elementor-setting-key=\"infobox_title\" data-elementor-inline-editing-toolbar=\"basic\" >Diuren 1% inj. solution<\/h3><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-infobox-text-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-infobox-text elementor-inline-editing\" data-elementor-setting-key=\"infobox_description\" data-elementor-inline-editing-toolbar=\"advanced\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b72f1f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b72f1f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"260\" height=\"260\" src=\"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/bilancia-pag-categorie.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-3201\" alt=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/bilancia-pag-categorie.png 260w, https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/bilancia-pag-categorie-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-premium-element-link=\"{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;url&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.teknofarma.com\\\/en\\\/medicinal-products-access-restricted\\\/&quot;,&quot;is_external&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;nofollow&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;custom_attributes&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.teknofarma.com\\\/en\\\/medicinal-products-access-restricted\\\/&quot;}\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-gbadge=\"{&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Access restricted&quot;,&quot;hideIfEmpty&quot;:false,&quot;icon&quot;:false}\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8044e24 premium-wrapper-link-yes premium-gbadge-yes premium-gbadge-custom premium-gbadge-right premium-gbadge-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-uael-infobox\" data-id=\"8044e24\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"uael-infobox.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<div class=\"uael-module-content uael-infobox uael-imgicon-style-circle  infobox-has-photo uael-infobox-photo-above-title  uael-infobox-link-type-module\">\n\t<div class=\"uael-infobox-left-right-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/en\/medicinal-products-access-restricted\/\" class=\"uael-infobox-module-link\" aria-label=\"Infobox Link\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-infobox-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-module-content uael-imgicon-wrap \">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-image\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-image-content elementor-animation-grow \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/diuren-iniettabile-4.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-26642\" alt=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/diuren-iniettabile-4.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/diuren-iniettabile-4-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/diuren-iniettabile-4-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='uael-infobox-title-wrap'><h3 class=\"uael-infobox-title elementor-inline-editing\" data-elementor-setting-key=\"infobox_title\" data-elementor-inline-editing-toolbar=\"basic\" >Diuren 4% inj. solution<\/h3><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-infobox-text-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-infobox-text elementor-inline-editing\" data-elementor-setting-key=\"infobox_description\" data-elementor-inline-editing-toolbar=\"advanced\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a636e20 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a636e20\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d544b3e elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"d544b3e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Diuretics Diuretic drugs: what they are and what they are used for Diuretics are drugs that increase the volume of urine flow, thus leading to increased production and elimination of urine (diuresis). Notes on renal physiology In kidneys, urine is formed at glomerular and tubular level. The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":21791,"menu_order":6,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-25543","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/25543","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25543"}],"version-history":[{"count":27,"href":"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/25543\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29567,"href":"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/25543\/revisions\/29567"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/21791"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25543"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}