{"id":25551,"date":"2022-01-17T13:01:46","date_gmt":"2022-01-17T13:01:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/medicinal-products\/otologici\/"},"modified":"2026-05-29T15:57:43","modified_gmt":"2026-05-29T14:57:43","slug":"otologicals","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/en\/medicinal-products\/otologicals\/","title":{"rendered":"Otologicals"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"25551\" class=\"elementor elementor-25551 elementor-987\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-058333b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"058333b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-820c7dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"820c7dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Otologicals<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54e7e5f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"54e7e5f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d12bd7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0d12bd7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-834704a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"834704a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Medicinal products for otological use: why to use them<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6262054 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6262054\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eafbd98 elementor-widget elementor-widget-template\" data-id=\"eafbd98\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"template.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-template\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"container\" data-elementor-id=\"29242\" class=\"elementor elementor-29242 elementor-28050 elementor-28050\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39bfc6d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"39bfc6d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;sticky&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;sticky_offset&quot;:90,&quot;sticky_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;mobile&quot;],&quot;sticky_effects_offset&quot;:0,&quot;sticky_anchor_link_offset&quot;:0}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c303ce pa-whole-link-yes premium-icon-box-whole-text-yes animated-fast premium-icon-box-flex-top premium-icon-box-cta-bottom pa-link-icon-after elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-icon-box\" data-id=\"5c303ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-icon-box-container-in\" >\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-icon-box-icon-container\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-icon-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-icon-box-content-wrap\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-icon-box-text-wrap\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-icon-box-title\">PRODUCTS\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-icon-box-more\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"premium-icon-box-more-icon fas fa-chevron-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#products\" class=\"premium-icon-box-whole-link\"><span>PRODUCTS<\/span><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e36dbc1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e36dbc1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-706359e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"706359e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dogs and cats can frequently suffer from inflammatory and infectious processes in the outer ear. Proper hygiene and cleaning of the ear and the identification and removal of any predisposing factors help to keep the ear healthy and reduce the risk of otitis.<\/p><h2><strong>Anatomy of the ear<\/strong><\/h2><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The ear of dogs and cats can be divided into three anatomical parts:<\/p><ul style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><li>outer ear<\/li><li>middle ear<\/li><li>inner ear.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7a8f46 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b7a8f46\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2f8064 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c2f8064\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-331a93c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"331a93c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><p><strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">The outer ear consists of the auricle and ear canal <\/span><\/strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">and its function is to <strong>convey sound waves to the eardrum. <\/strong>The auricle consists of an auricular cartilage that gives it rigidity, and the skin that covers it.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div><p><span lang=\"EN-GB\">The ear canal consists of the auricular and annular cartilages and the skin that covers them and is divided into two portions: vertical and horizontal.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div><p><strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">In dogs, the anatomical conformation of the outer ear can be quite variable depending on breed and size<\/span><\/strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">. This variability, especially with regard to the length and diameter of the ear canal, plays a key role in susceptibility to ear diseases. The skin lining the auricle and ear canal contains numerous sebaceous and ceruminous glands and hair follicles. The skin exfoliation and the glandular secretions that flow into the lumen of the ear canal build the earwax.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3bcc7f1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3bcc7f1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-142fd68 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"142fd68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1868\" height=\"1684\" src=\"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/cat-dog-ear.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-28997\" alt=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/cat-dog-ear.png 1868w, https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/cat-dog-ear-300x270.png 300w, https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/cat-dog-ear-1024x923.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/cat-dog-ear-768x692.png 768w, https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/cat-dog-ear-1536x1385.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1868px) 100vw, 1868px\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8cbeb14 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8cbeb14\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a6a8c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6a6a8c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><p><span lang=\"EN-GB\">A <strong>healthy ear canal <\/strong>normally contains a<strong> microbial flora<\/strong> consisting mainly of <strong>Gram+<\/strong> bacteria (mainly staphylococci) and mycetes (<em>Malassezia pachidermatis <\/em>and <em>Candida albicans<\/em>).<\/span><\/p><\/div><div><p><span lang=\"EN-GB\">The <strong>middle ear <\/strong>contains the three ossicles (hammer, anvil and stirrup) that<strong> transmit sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear <\/strong>and therefore acts as a sound amplifier.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div><p><span lang=\"EN-GB\">The <strong>inner ear <\/strong>consists of a complex series of fluid-filled ducts and sacs and <strong>is responsible for maintaining the balance<\/strong>. Here, sound waves are converted into electrical impulses and sent to the brain.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div><p><strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">All three portions of the ear can be affected by inflammatory conditions called otitis<\/span><\/strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">. Otitis is classified as external, medium or internal depending on the anatomical portion of the ear affected.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9cbc485 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9cbc485\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong>Otitis externa<\/strong><\/h2><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The term <strong>otitis externa<\/strong> is used to define an <strong>inflammatory process that can affect the auricle, ear canal and eardrum<\/strong>.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>When the inflammation also involves the tympanic bulla, we speak of otitis media<\/strong>. This is usually caused by the chronicization of a bacterial otitis externa, with subsequent spread of the bacteria through the rupture of the eardrum.<\/p><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Otitis internal is a severe inflammatory process involving the inner ear<\/strong>, which is responsible not only for sound transmission, but also for balance. For this reason, the main observable clinical symptoms are loss of balance and altered perception of space.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b90b3f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6b90b3f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a5ea41 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4a5ea41\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff1558c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ff1558c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/otite-cane-cura.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-10500\" alt=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/otite-cane-cura.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/otite-cane-cura-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/otite-cane-cura-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3dec930 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3dec930\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8cad497 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8cad497\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><p><strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">In the case of otitis externa, inflammation is accompanied by oedema and production of exudate<\/span><\/strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">. The glands in the ear canal increase their secretions and consequently <strong>the amount of earwax produced increases<\/strong>. As a result, <strong>the ear becomes a favourable environment for the multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms<\/strong>. In general, the number of bacteria with Gram- predominance, in particular <em>Pseudomonas <\/em>spp. and <em>Malassezia pachydermatis<\/em> increases.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div><p><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Otitis may be acute or chronic, persistent or relapsing, unilateral or bilateral. During chronic otitis externa, a series of progressive pathological changes occur, including varying degrees of glandular hyperplasia and ectasia, fibrosis and calcification of the ear canal.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62a56e1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"62a56e1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ff0a8c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6ff0a8c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><h2><strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Predisposing, primary, secondary and perpetuating causes<\/span><\/strong><\/h2><\/div><div><p><span lang=\"EN-GB\">In cases of otitis externa, the triggering event may be a single causal agent or the result of several coexisting factors.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div><p><strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Griffin&#8217;s aetiological classification scheme<\/span><\/strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\"> divides the causes of otitis externa into:<\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cdbce15 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cdbce15\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0811cbe e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0811cbe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b844a25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b844a25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Predisposing factors, i.e. those conditions that increase the risk of developing otitis externa<\/strong>:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-362d5fd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"362d5fd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad30147 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ad30147\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>particular anatomical conformation of the auricle<\/li><li>climate factors affecting the temperature and humidity in the ear canal<\/li><li>excessive amount of hair in the ear canal<\/li><li>obstructive pathologies.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12a761a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"12a761a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-faecc63 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"faecc63\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca0dc48 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ca0dc48\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Primary causes, i.e. all conditions that can cause otitis externa by themselves<\/strong>:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-02093da e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"02093da\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c03835 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0c03835\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>parasites (e.g. mites)<\/li><li>allergic diseases (e.g. atopy)<\/li><li>primary keratinisation defects or secondary to endocrinopathies<\/li><li>foreign bodies (e.g. grass awns)<\/li><li>glandular disorders<\/li><li>autoimmune diseases.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7aaff4b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7aaff4b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ec82b1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4ec82b1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-469246d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"469246d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Secondary causes, i.e. factors that can cause otitis in the presence of one or more predisposing factors or in an ear that already has abnormalities<\/strong>:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e2d420 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7e2d420\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c0a6df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9c0a6df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>bacteria (e.g. <em>S. intermedius<\/em>, <em>Pseudomonas <\/em>spp., etc.)<\/li><li>yeasts (e.g. overgrowth of <em>M. pachydermatis<\/em>)<\/li><li>irritative contact reactions (e.g. topical application of medicinal preparations).<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85bec1d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"85bec1d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a03ed21 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a03ed21\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-892b735 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"892b735\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Perpetuating factors, i.e. those conditions that hinder healing and result in chronic otitis<\/strong>:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73c8355 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"73c8355\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25ac6a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"25ac6a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>pathological changes in the ear canal (e.g. oedema, fibrosis, hyperplasia of glands, etc.)<\/li><li>alterations of the eardrum<\/li><li>otitis media.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a4d758 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6a4d758\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aeeff67 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"aeeff67\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4b80e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c4b80e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/otite-gatto.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-10502\" alt=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/otite-gatto.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/otite-gatto-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/otite-gatto-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-530de05 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"530de05\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11b21db elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"11b21db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/pulizia-orecchie-cane.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-10505\" alt=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/pulizia-orecchie-cane.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/pulizia-orecchie-cane-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/pulizia-orecchie-cane-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6041d63 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6041d63\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b74f51 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1b74f51\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><h2><strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Clinical approach and diagnosis<\/span><\/strong><\/h2><\/div><div><p><span lang=\"EN-GB\">A correct approach to otitis externa involves taking an accurate general and dermatological history. The diagnostic procedure includes a clinical examination with a general physical examination of the animal and a complete ear examination, including visual inspection, palpation of the ear canal and otoscopic examination. Cytological examination of the exudate and a culture with antibiogram are useful for a better diagnosis.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/div><div><p><span lang=\"EN-GB\">During the examination <strong>it is essential to ascertain whether the problem affects exclusively the ear or whether other skin and\/or systemic signs are present. A distinction should be made between whether the problem is acute<\/strong>, i.e. it has arisen suddenly<strong>, or chronic<\/strong>, i.e. it has been present for a longer time and has had a subtle onset.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div><span lang=\"EN-GB\">For further information, see the pages dedicated to external otitis in dogs and cats.<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17d1336 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17d1336\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong>Medical treatment of otitis externa<\/strong><\/h2><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In general, the treatment of otitis externa is based on three aspects:<\/p><ul style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><li>cleaning and antisepsis of the ear canal<\/li><li>resolution of the inflammatory-infective process with appropriate medical therapy (local and\/or systemic)<\/li><li>resolution of the root cause and elimination of predisposing and perpetuating factors to avoid recurrences.<\/li><\/ul><p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neglecting these therapeutic procedures can lead to a chronic pathological state that can eventually result in terminal otitis.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35f5659 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"35f5659\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1723e4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f1723e4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12b13b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"12b13b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><h3><strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Local therapy<\/span><\/strong><\/h3><\/div><div><p><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Since systemically administered drugs do not reach the lumen of the ear canal &#8211; where the infectious process is located &#8211; in high concentration, <strong>the local application of specific products is more indicated. <\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/div><div><p><span lang=\"EN-GB\">These can contain a single active ingredient or a combination of several molecules with different functions (antiseptic, antibiotic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, etc.).<\/span><\/p><\/div><div><p><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Among the most commonly used active ingredients with cleansing and antiseptic action is <strong>Chlorhexidine<\/strong> which has a<strong> broad spectrum of action and is effective against most bacterial species and against dermatophytes and yeasts<\/strong> (particularly of the genus <em>Malassezia<\/em>), including in the presence of inhibiting substances such as purulent exudate and cell debris.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68c9047 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"68c9047\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56c660c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"56c660c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/otite-gatto-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-12250\" alt=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/otite-gatto-2.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/otite-gatto-2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/otite-gatto-2-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f474f09 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f474f09\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c21b2d3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c21b2d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><p><strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Active ingredients with antibiotic activity<\/span><\/strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\"> include Gentamicin, Marbofloxacin, Enrofloxacin, Neomycin, Polymyxin B, Orbifloxacin, Florfenicol.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div><p><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Commonly used <strong>active ingredients with antifungal activity<\/strong> are Miconazole, Posaconazole, Clotrimazole, Econazole, Terbinafine.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div><p><span lang=\"EN-GB\">The <strong>active ingredients with anti-inflammatory properties<\/strong> most commonly used in topical preparations are corticosteroids, which reduce itching, erythema, oedema, induce atrophy of the sebaceous glands and reduce fibrosis of the ear canal. The most commonly used are Prednisolone, Mometasone, Dexamethasone, Betamethasone and Triamcinolone. Sometimes <strong>active ingredients with local anaesthetic activity<\/strong>such as Lidocaine are also included in otological products.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div><p><span lang=\"EN-GB\">In summary, proper hygiene and cleaning of the dog&#8217;s and cat&#8217;s outer ear with specific products and the identification and elimination of all predisposing and perpetuating factors of otitis is necessary to ensure proper auricular health, for both preventive and therapeutic purposes. In the case of otitis externa, the early adoption of these measures &#8211; along with correct medical therapy (starting with products for topical use, and sometimes following a systemic approach) &#8211; make it possible to quickly solve the problem before it degenerates, affecting the innermost anatomical structures (middle and inner ear) with serious repercussions on the animal&#8217;s health.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f14a910 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"f14a910\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"products\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0af61f1 e-grid e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0af61f1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c04c101 elementor-widget elementor-widget-uael-infobox\" data-id=\"c04c101\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"uael-infobox.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<div class=\"uael-module-content uael-infobox uael-imgicon-style-circle  infobox-has-photo uael-infobox-photo-above-title  uael-infobox-link-type-module\">\n\t<div class=\"uael-infobox-left-right-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/prodotti\/aca-cerulen\/\" class=\"uael-infobox-module-link\" aria-label=\"Infobox Link\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-infobox-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-module-content uael-imgicon-wrap \">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-image\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-image-content elementor-animation-grow \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/aca-cerulen.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-3890\" alt=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/aca-cerulen.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/aca-cerulen-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/aca-cerulen-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='uael-infobox-title-wrap'><h3 class=\"uael-infobox-title elementor-inline-editing\" data-elementor-setting-key=\"infobox_title\" data-elementor-inline-editing-toolbar=\"basic\" > Aca Cerulen<\/h3><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-infobox-text-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-infobox-text elementor-inline-editing\" data-elementor-setting-key=\"infobox_description\" data-elementor-inline-editing-toolbar=\"advanced\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a35cbe elementor-widget elementor-widget-uael-infobox\" data-id=\"2a35cbe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"uael-infobox.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<div class=\"uael-module-content uael-infobox uael-imgicon-style-circle  infobox-has-photo uael-infobox-photo-above-title  uael-infobox-link-type-module\">\n\t<div class=\"uael-infobox-left-right-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/prodotti\/aca-cerulen-r\/\" class=\"uael-infobox-module-link\" aria-label=\"Infobox Link\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-infobox-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-module-content uael-imgicon-wrap \">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-image\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-image-content elementor-animation-grow \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/aca-cerulen-r.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-28207\" alt=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/aca-cerulen-r.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/aca-cerulen-r-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/aca-cerulen-r-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='uael-infobox-title-wrap'><h3 class=\"uael-infobox-title elementor-inline-editing\" data-elementor-setting-key=\"infobox_title\" data-elementor-inline-editing-toolbar=\"basic\" > Aca Cerulen R<\/h3><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-infobox-text-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-infobox-text elementor-inline-editing\" data-elementor-setting-key=\"infobox_description\" data-elementor-inline-editing-toolbar=\"advanced\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d99f3db e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d99f3db\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6fcfa0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"f6fcfa0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Otologicals Medicinal products for otological use: why to use them Dogs and cats can frequently suffer from inflammatory and infectious processes in the outer ear. Proper hygiene and cleaning of the ear and the identification and removal of any predisposing factors help to keep the ear healthy and reduce the risk of otitis. Anatomy of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":21791,"menu_order":8,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-25551","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/25551","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25551"}],"version-history":[{"count":27,"href":"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/25551\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29573,"href":"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/25551\/revisions\/29573"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/21791"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.teknofarma.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25551"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}